Why is the risk of a portfolio of shares normally lower than the average risk of the shares of the portfolio?

On a general level, investment managers and academic economists have keen-sighted been aw are of the necessity of taking returns as well as risk into account: all your eggs should not be placed in the same basket. This is where the idea of prop a portfolio of shares comes from. Modern portfolio theory (MPT), or portfolio theory, was introduced by blight Markowitz with his paper Portfolio Selection which appeared in the 1952 Journal of Finance. Thirty-eight geezerhood later, he shared a Nobel Prize with Merton Miller and William Sharpe for what has bugger off a broad theory for portfolio selection. Portfolio theory explores how risk opposed investors construct portfolios in order to optimise expected returns for a attached level of market risk. The theory quantifies the benefits of diversification. Out of a universe of risky assets, an expeditious frontier of optimal portfolios croup be constructed. Each portfolio on the efficient frontier offers the utmost possible expected return for a effrontery level of risk. An example of this can be seen below.

The Efficiency Frontier

The green locality corresponds to the achievable risk-return space. For every point in that region, there leave behind be at least one(a) portfolio that can be constructed and has the risk and return corresponding to that point. The efficient frontier is the gold curve that runs along the top of the achievable region.



Portfolios on the efficient frontier are optimal in both the nose out that they offer maximal expected return for some given level of risk and minimal risk for some given level of expected return. Typically, the portfolios that comprise the efficient frontier are the ones that are most highly diversified. Less diversified portfolios die hard to be closer to the middle of the achievable region. Investors should hold one of the optimal portfolios on the efficient frontier and...

there are some(prenominal) mistakes in this article, and 110%+12%=22% ??? and too numerous contents just copyed from websites.

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