Hume, Voltaire and the Problem of Evil
The presence of evil and suffering in the hu universeness has raised questions in the philosophy of religion for centuries. The traditional understanding, held by Christians drop the ballce it was fully developed by Augustine, is that of original sin. The belief is that existence is born evil, as a result of the transgression of spell and Eve in the Garden of Eden. At the moment of sin evil entered the world, and it is now a hereditary, intrinsic characteristic of humankind. Because man is born guilty, any suffering he may brook is justified; salvation is achieved only through divine grace.
The shape nature of this theology, along with its abstruse logic, compelled the thinkers of the Enlightenment to discard such a belief. Because they rejected Augustines view, they needed a new organisation to help them understand evil and its place in the world. Voltaire and David Hume severally address this issue in Candide and Dialogues on Natural Religion, respectively. Voltaire does so in a to a greater extent lighthearted approach common of the philosophes, employing his wit to address weighty issues of philosophy and at the corresponding time entertaining his readers. Candide makes this point with an amusing story and its inhuman satire; Hume does so in a more pedagogic style. However, the Dialogues do employ a sort of plot that helps to nonplus the reader into the arguments and involve them in the characters battle for truth, which makes it a more enjoyable read than the average treatise on philosophy.
Much of Voltaires work is apply to attacking the theories of G. W. Leibniz, chiefly Leibnizs principle of sufficient reason. Part of his fill is that since God is rational, everything he does has its foundation in reason. Nothing in this world happens by chance, rather all...
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