DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid are two chemical substances involved

in transmittal communicable information from parent to offspring. It was known early

into the 20th coulomb that chromosomes, the genetic material of cells, contained

DNA. In 1944, Oswald T. Avery, Colin M. MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty concluded

that DNA was the basic genetic component of chromosomes. Later, RNA would be

proven to regulate protein synthesis. (Miller, 139)

DNA is the genetic material frame in most viruses and in all cellular organisms.

Some viruses do not have DNA, but contain RNA instead. Depending on the organism,

most DNA is found within a single chromosome analogous bacteria, or in several

chromosomes like most other quick things. (Heath, 110) DNA flush toilet excessively be found

outside of chromosomes. It can be found in cell organelles such as plasmids in

bacteria, also in chloroplasts in plants, and mitochondria in plants and animals.

All DNA molecules contain a set of linked units called nucleotides. Each

nucleotide is composed of three things. The first is a sugar called deoxyribose.

Attached to one end of the sugar is a orthophosphate assort, and at the other is one

of several nitrogenous bases. DNA contains intravenous feeding nitrogenous bases. The first two,

adenine and guanine, are double-ringed purine compounds. The others, cytosine

and thymine, are single-ringed pyrimidine compounds.



(Miller, 141) Four types of

DNA nucleotides can be formed, depending on which nitrogenous base is involved.

The phosphate group of each nucleotide bonds with a carbon from the deoxyribose.

This forms what is called a polynucleotide chain. throng D. Watson and Francis

Crick proved that most DNA consists of two polynucleotide chains that are

twisted in concert into a coil, forming a double helix. Watson and Crick also

discovered that in a double helix, the pairing between bases of the two chains

is...

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