The DNA Technology

The gene move excessively be introduced into soybeans, cotton, and terminateola crops. The plants can similarly be bred to be rebarbative against corn borer and rootworm, which considerably increases crop yields. This kind of applied science is particularly significant for developing countries where starvation is rampant.

In humans, contractableal engineering is only in its infancy. Since the human genetic material is so vast and complex, and varies greatly between individuals, altering genes as is done with plants is not yet feasible. However, genetic engineering can be useful in the human medical field. For example, researchers exhaust been able to genetically engineer the entire influenza A virus (McCarthy, 1999). The virus was difficult to produce in tumescent numbers from cloned genes because its genome is negative-strand ribonucleic acid, so cannot be read by host-cell enzymes and translated into viral proteins. Highly specialized viral RNA polymerases essential be present when infection begins to transcribe the mRNA and the complementary positive-strand RNA which serves as a template for new negative-strand copies to be made. Also, the genome and the antigenome must be put together as ribonucleoprotein complexes. The viral genome also does not come in one piece, but in 8 separate components.

To surmount these problems, the researchers transfected human embryonic kidney cells with complementary desoxyribonucleic acid plasmid

Recombinant DNA technology - genetic engineering - has resulted in the development of new technologies to aid to admonisher its progress.

These rely on restriction enzymes which are able to sunburn the DNA into fragments at specific sites to excise specific alkali sequences of interest to the researcher (Access Excellence, 2004). Once the DNA is cut into fragments, these can be identified by a method cognize as gel electrophoresis. The fragments are applied in reply to a gel, such as agarose, and are separated by passing an electrical current through the gel. This causes the fragments to move along the gel, with the smallest fragments moving the fastest. The fragments can be visualized by tagging them with mingled dyes or radioactive compounds. This method is known as DNA fingerprinting, since it is extremely unlikely that two people will render the same DNA pattern. DNA fingerprinting is used for antenatal testing and genetic screening, in conservation biology for enwrapped breeding programs for endangered species, and in forensic science.

Europe. (2003). Genetically modified organisms.

s encoding for the 8 components of the viral genome, each with a human RNA polymerase promoter and a mouse
Ordercustompaper.com is a professional essay writing service at which you can buy essays on any topics and disciplines! All custom essays are written by professional writers!